{"id":604,"date":"2007-12-13T12:42:29","date_gmt":"2007-12-13T11:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/2007\/12\/13\/autoroute\/"},"modified":"2016-05-18T12:49:21","modified_gmt":"2016-05-18T11:49:21","slug":"autoroute","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/2007\/12\/13\/autoroute\/","title":{"rendered":"Autoroute"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">AUTOROUTE<\/span> : Infrastructure routi\u00e8re de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation de l&rsquo;automobile individuelle. Les premi\u00e8res autoroutes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en place par des dictatures. <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">1.<\/span> La premi\u00e8re v\u00e9ritable autoroute est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 1924 sous le r\u00e9gime fasciste; il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une autostrade (en italien, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">autostrada<\/span>) qui relie Milan \u00e0 Var\u00e8se en Italie, soit 85 kilom\u00e8tres. <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">2.<\/span> Mais c&rsquo;est dans l&rsquo;Allemagne nazie que les autoroutes prennent r\u00e9ellement leur essor (en allemand, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">German Reichsautobahn<\/span> ou <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Autobahn<\/span>). En effet, quelques jours apr\u00e8s la prise du pouvoir par les nazis en 1933, Adolf Hitler adopta avec enthousiasme un projet de construction d\u2019autoroutes et nomma Fritz Todt comme inspecteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Rapidement, plus de 100.000 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mobilis\u00e9es partout en Allemagne dans l&rsquo;Organisation Todt. A la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, le r\u00e9gime nazi aura ainsi construit environ 5.000 km d&rsquo;autoroutes. Les dictatures avaient construit les infrastructures pr\u00e9parant la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation de l&rsquo;automobile individuelle d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e ensuite par les d\u00e9mocraties. La dictature automobile \u00e9tait en place. Exemple : \u00ab\u00a0<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ces moteurs qui ont fait de l&rsquo;homme un cr\u00e9tin \u00e0 roulettes et de la plan\u00e8te un garage cribl\u00e9 d&rsquo;autoroutes !<\/span>\u00a0\u00bb (Jacques Sternberg, Extrait de <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Vivre en survivant<\/span>) (voir <a title=\"http:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/2007\/09\/14\/la-dictature-automobile\/\" href=\"http:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/2007\/09\/14\/la-dictature-automobile\/\">ici<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Source<\/span> : <a href=\"http:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/2008\/02\/04\/dictionnaire-critique-de-lautomobile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Dictionnaire critique de l&rsquo;automobile<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AUTOROUTE : Infrastructure routi\u00e8re de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation de l&rsquo;automobile individuelle. Les premi\u00e8res autoroutes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises en place par des dictatures. 1. La premi\u00e8re v\u00e9ritable autoroute est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 1924 <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/2007\/12\/13\/autoroute\/\">Lire la suite&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":35754,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[77],"tags":[64,112,174,10,198,93,41,144],"views":4902,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35754"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carfree.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}